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## Do simplicial objects in a Topos form a model category?

Sometimes people say "If you don't like the word 'topos', just think the category of Sets", but I'm not sure to what extent this analogy holds.

The real question here is, do simplicial object in a topos have the structure of a model category? I'm just not sure if you really need the geometric realization functor (and topological spaces) to define the usual model category structure on simplicial sets.

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Yes, there is a general theory of model structures on simplicial sheaves (due to Joyal), and a theory of simplicial presheaves as well (Jardine). Jardine has a paper "Simplicial presheaves" that develops this in the latter case. The cofibrations are the monomorphisms of simplicial presheaves. The weak equivalences are the "local weak equivalences" (i.e. inducing equivalences on the sheaves of homotopy groups associated). – Akhil Mathew Nov 8 2011 at 22:48
Note that topological spaces are nowhere necessary to define weak equivalences of simplicial sets. A map $X \to Y$ of simplicial sets is a weak equivalence if and only if for every Kan complex $K$, the map $\underline{\hom}(Y, K) \to \underline{\hom}(X, K)$ (internal homs) is a homotopy equivalence. One can obtain the existence of the model structure purely combinatorially. I believe a generalized theory of this is done in Cisinski's thesis, but I have not read it. Anyway, you may find helpful the nLab page: ncatlab.org/nlab/show/… – Akhil Mathew Nov 8 2011 at 22:49
@Akhil - "model structures on simplicial sheaves" this is not quite the same as saying 'model structures on simplicial objects in a topos', because a topos might not be a Grothendieck topos. In particular, one could take the category of finite sets (a non-Grothendieck elementary topos) and consider simplicial objects in it. – David Roberts Nov 8 2011 at 23:07
I'm not sure I understand the question. Here is an example: let sfSets be the category of simplicial objects in finite sets; this is some sort of topos. You can define geometric realization of such things just fine, and use it to call a map a weak equivalence iff its realization is a weak equivalences of spaces. This is not a model category, even in Quillen's original sense: any object which has non-finite homotopy groups will not have a finite replacement in sfSets. – Charles Rezk Nov 8 2011 at 23:17
Every finite- complete and cocomplete category is a model category, where the weak equivalences are just the isomorphisms. So, yes. – Charles Rezk Nov 9 2011 at 0:03