# Euler summation and its transformation

The following results:

For any function $f \in C^1[a,b]$ and any $q \in \mathbb{N}$,

$$\sum_{a < k \leq b, (k,q)=1} f(k)=\frac{\varphi(q)}{q} \int_a^b f(x) dx + O(\tau(q) (\sup_{x \in [a,b]} |f(x)|+\int_a^b |f'(x)| dx)).$$

And for any function $f \in C^1[a,b]$, $$\sum_{a < k \leq b}\frac{\varphi(k)}{k} f(k)=\frac{1}{\zeta(2)} \int_a^b f(x) dx + O(\log{b} (\sup_{x \in [a,b]} |f(x)|+\int_a^b |f'(x)| dx)).$$

These two looks like some kind of transformation related to Euler summation, but I have no idea. Could anyone point to me where can I read about things like these?

-
add comment

## 1 Answer

This is not a very detailed answer, but I can give you an idea how to solve these problems.

For the first equality you can deal with the coprimality condition using Mobius inversion. Then it is simply applying Euler-Maclaurin summation and playing around with identities of arithmetic functions. For the second equality, use partial summation.

These techniques can be found in Apostol's book on analytic number theory. Also try Iwaniec and Kowalski's book on analytic number theory.

Edit: You can find the statement of the partial summation trick (sometimes attributed to Abel) in Apostol's book, Theorem 4.2.

-
Would you give me more insight on how to do the second one? –  Rob Sep 7 '11 at 4:35
add comment