# What is the subfactor planar algebra of type $\tilde{A}_n$, of index 4?

As I understand it, there is a subfactor whose principal graph is the affine Dynkin diagram $\tilde{A}_n$. Since every vertex has two neighbors, does that mean the space of 1-boxes is two dimensional? Is that allowed?

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One concrete realization of this planar algebra goes as follows.

• Start with the (generalized) PA freely generated by an oriented strand.
• Impose "$Z$-homology" relations: (a) oriented saddle moves, and (b) erase small loops (loop value = 1).
• Now introduce an unoriented strand which is the formal direct sum of an upward pointing strand and a downward pointing strand.
• If we now draw the principal graph of this PA from the point of view of the newly introduced unoriented strand type, we get the $\tilde{A}_\infty$ graph.
• I just noticed that you want $\tilde{A}_n$, not $\tilde{A}_\infty$. For this case, start with $Z/n$ homology instead of $Z$ homology. If you want more details let me know.
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Kevin, can you tell me more about what $Z$-homology and $Z/n$ homology mean here? – Emily Peters May 24 '12 at 19:09
Z/n homology is a bit of an abbreviation, perhaps... If you're working on a closed surface, Z/n homology just means you can take n parallel (considering orientations, too) circles and remove then (even if they are essential on the surface). If you want to work on open surfaces (e.g. disks, to define a planar algebra), I think you need to add two n-valent vertices, one with all edges oriented in, the other with all oriented out. Now you can replace n parallel edges and replace them with a pair of these. ... – Scott Morrison May 25 '12 at 5:46
If you do the dimension count, each disk space is 1 or 0 dimensional, depending on whether the signed count of the boundary points is 0 mod n or not. It seems this should give $\widehat{A_n}$ graphs per Kevin's prescription above (although maybe not with exactly the same n?). – Scott Morrison May 25 '12 at 5:50
I suspect one can also freely chose the rotational eigenvalue of the two n-valent vertices, and these give the different non-isomorphic subfactor planar algebras with principal graph $\widehat{A_n}$. – Scott Morrison May 25 '12 at 5:50
Finally (to record all the thoughts from talking to Dave Penneys this afternoon), you ought to get the affine D subfactors via the automorphism in Kevin's picture which reverses all orientations. – Scott Morrison May 25 '12 at 5:51

Yes, it is two dimensional, and this is allowed. It just means the planar algebra is not irreducible. I don't know of anyone that has thought about a presentation by generators and relations of this planar algebra yet.

One issue here is that since $d=[M\colon N]^{1/2}=2$ is not generic ($>2$), one has to be careful about the annular multiplicities of the subfactor (arXiv:math/0105071). So I don't know if the planar algebra qualifies as "annular multiplicities $*10$" like (extended) Haagerup.

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