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It is well known the existence of a T duality between the two heterotic string theories, $SO(32) \sim_T E_8 \times E_8$. Beyond the trivial point that both groups have the same dimension (496, which actually is a prerequisite), is there some other mathematical relation between them?

I am thinking in other SO(N) groups whose dimension is a perfect number and that happen to be related to products of manifolds. $SO(4)$ with $SU(2) \times SU(2)$, and -I am told- $SO(8)$ with some variant of $(S^7 \times S^7) \times G_2$. It should be nice if all of these were justified by a common construction, but I am happy just with an answer to the $SO(32)$ case.

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Given how rare perfect numbers are, and how comparatively common T-duality is, are you sure that whatever pattern you seek is only supported at the perfect numbers? – Theo Johnson-Freyd Mar 6 2011 at 3:47
5 
 Small correction: it's actually not $SO(32)$ but a different $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$ quotient of $Spin(32)$, and the relation goes via the weight lattices of the corresponding groups. Each lattice gives rise to a 16-dimensional torus and Milnor observed that these tori are isospectral (a postdiction of T-duality?). – José Figueroa-O'Farrill Mar 6 2011 at 13:51
@Theo I could expect a more general pattern for any SO(4n), but these "square constructions" seem to be more specific of perfect numbers, and even for the "SO(8)" case it is not as pretty as in string theory. – arivero Mar 6 2011 at 23:47
From the link between perfect numbers and Mersenne primes, Phys.Rev.D60:087901,1999 (hep-th/9904212v1) looks for cancelation of polygonal anomaly. Also, some hints are Weinberg $SO(2^13)$ in dim 26 and Bern-Dunbar SO(4) in four dimensions. But these results are all based on string theory technicalities, not pure group theory nor other branch of pure math. – arivero 0 secs ago – arivero Mar 7 2011 at 9:59

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