# Turing degrees of nonstandard models of PA

Since the theorems of (PA + "there is a nonstandard number") are recursively enumerable, by the
Low Basis Theorem, WKL0's proof of the completeness theorem gives a nonstandard model of PA of [low degree](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_(computability). After seeing Adam Day's answer to
this question, I wonder "how easy" such a model could be to compute.

Can a low nonstandard model of PA be:
a) minimal
b) computably dominated
c) K-trivial
?

If it can be more than one of those, which can it be simultaneously?

-
If anyone knows how to link directly to Adam Day's answer, please edit the question to do so. –  Ricky Demer Dec 26 '10 at 3:18
Focusing on part (a): Jockusch and Soare (1972) showed that the PA degrees are precisely the degrees of $DNR_2$ functions (i.e., diagonally nonrecursive functions with range $\lbrace 0, 1\rbrace$), and Simpson (1977) proved that the PA degrees are those degrees which compute a path through every infinite tree. I believe that either of these results should suffice to show that there can be no nonstandard model of PA with minimal degree, let alone a low such model; but I am uncertain of this. –  Noah S Dec 26 '10 at 4:38
Although, the more I think about it, I don't see a way to actually show this; so maybe I'm just wrong. –  Noah S Dec 26 '10 at 4:39
b) is impossible, because the only low computably dominated degree is $\mathbf 0$ (see Soare's book Recursively Enumerable Sets and Degrees) and there are no computable nonstandard models of PA.