# A simple decomposition for fractional Brownian motion with parameter $H<1/2$

## Background

Let $X = \{X(t):t \geq 0\}$ be a (standard, real-valued) fractional Brownian motion (fBm) with parameter $H \in (0,1)$, i.e., a continuous centered Gaussian process with covariance function given, for $0 \leq s \leq t$, by $$C_X {(s,t)} := {\rm E}[X(s)X(t)] = \frac{1}{2}[t^{2H} + s^{2H} - (t - s)^{2H} ].$$ Writing $C_X {(s,t)}$ as $C_X {(s,t)} = \frac{1}{2}[t^{2H} - (t - s)^{2H} ] + \frac{1}{2}s^{2H}$, gives rise to the decomposition of $X$ as $X = Y + Z$, where $Y$ is a centered Gaussian process with covariance function $C_Y {(s,t)} = \frac{1}{2} [t^{2H} - (t - s)^{2H}]$, independent of a time-changed Brownian motion $Z$ (specifically, $Z(t)=W(t^{2H}/2)$, where $W$ is a standard BM). However, in order for $C_Y$ to be a valid covariance function it must be nonnegative definite. As indicated by numerical results (and can probably be easily proved), this is not the case for $H>1/2$. For $H<1/2$, on the other hand, $C_Y$ is the covariance function of some interesting Gaussian process arising in the setting of Gaussian random fields. Since I plan to write a paper on this apparently new subject, I find it sensible not to give too much details here (maybe I'll add some details later on).

Now to my questions. Have you encountered the aforementioned decomposition in the literature? (I haven't.) Does it correspond to some known (e.g., integral) representation of fBm? Can you think of some application of it? Finally, can you find a simple/useful representation for the process $Y$ in that decomposition (simple/useful compared to the fBm case)?

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Sorry I don't have time to write a better answer. I would be willing to bet Nualart has thought about this problem at least and his answer could very well be encompassed in this paper: (In particular your problem might be a special case described in section 3)

P. Lei and D. Nualart: A decomposition of the bifractional Brownian motion and some applications. Statistics and Probability Letters 79, 619-624, 2009.

http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0803/0803.2227v1.pdf

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That reference is certainly interesting in our context (and I might even cite it). However, the decomposition described there for fBm (cf. Proposition 1) is not similar to the one I indicated above, and is apparently much more complicated. –  Shai Covo Nov 7 '10 at 11:55