Hello,
I'm writting a "report" (to learn) on algebraic geometry, and was looking to write a proof for the following statement :
Theorem : Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field and $C_1, C_2 \subseteq \mathbb{A} ^2(K)$ two curves given by non-constant polynomials $f, g \in K[x,y]$. Let $\phi : C_1 \to C_2$ be a morphism (polynomial map). Then $\phi$ is either surjective or constant.
The map $\phi$ induces an embedding of the quotient rings,
$\phi^{\ast} : K[C_2] = K[x,y]/(g) \hookrightarrow K[C_1]= K[x,y]/(f)$ given by $h \mapsto \phi \circ h$
and so $K[C_2]$ can be identified as a subring of $K[C_1]$. For a point $P \in C_2$, the proof can be reduced in the statement $\phi^{-1}(P) = \varnothing$ if and only if the $K$-algebra $K[C_1]$ is a module of finite type over $K[C_2]$. (I didn't already defined finite maps, so I can't say $\phi$ is finite so $K[C_1]$ is integral over $K[C_2]$).
If the statement can be reduce to the analogous one but with the fraction fields of the coordinate rings, i.e., the rational polynomials in $K(C_1)$ and $K(C_2)$, it's easier because both fields have transcendence degree one and are finitely generated (over $K$) and the result follows. I don't see how to drag this property with rings.
Any other proof is welcome too !
Thanks for your help.