There is a counterexample as a subset of the real plane endowed with the natural partial order.
Take the graph $\Gamma$ of the standard continuous monotone map $f:C\to[0,1]$ of the Cantor set $C\subset[0,1]$ onto $[0,1]$. The map $f$ is defined anlytically by $f:\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{2x_n}{3^n}\mapsto \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{x_n}{2^n}$ where $x_n\in\{0,1\}$.
Let $Q_2$ be the set of binary-rational number in the open interval $(0,1)$. By the construction of $f$, for any $y\in Q_2$ the preimage $f^{-1}(y)$ consists of two points and for $y\in[0,1]\setminus Q_2$ the preimage is a singleton. It follows that $\Gamma_0=\Gamma\cap (\mathbb R\times Q_2)$ is a countable dense subset of $\Gamma$.
Now let $\rho$ be the clockwise rotation of the real plane on $\pi/4$. Consider the line $L=\{(x,y):x+y=0\}$ and the subset $X=\rho(\Gamma)\cup(L+\rho(\Gamma_0))$. It can be shown that $X$ is a required path-connected ordered pospace containing no ordered arc. (To prove this property of $X$ use the argument of Baire category).