Background of my question is, that I would like to store flags indicating the relation between a pairs of non-adjacent edges of a graph (that relation could for example be, whether the edges cross, i.e. whether the pair of edges constitutes to a maximal matching of the sub-graph induced by the four adjacent vertices).
My idea is to first calculate the ordinal number $o(\{v_1,v_2,v_3,v_4\})$ corresponding to the set of the integer-labels of the adjacent vertices and from that calculate the the ordinal number of the pair of edges:
$$o(\{\{v_1,v_2\},\{v_3,v_4\}\}) := 3\times o(\{v_1,v_2,v_3,v_4\}))$$
$$o(\{\{v_1,v_3\},\{v_2,v_4\}\}) := 3\times o(\{v_1,v_2,v_3,v_4\}))+1$$
$$o(\{\{v_1,v_4\},\{v_2,v_3\}\}) := 3\times o(\{v_1,v_2,v_3,v_4\}))+2$$
Questions:
is there a general formula, that only depends on the cardinality $k$ and on the $k$ elements itself of a finite set of integers, which yields the ordinal number of that set in the lexicographically sorted sequence of integer-sets with k elements (for a specific $k$ the formula could be obtained by polynomial interpolation, but I want a formula that contains $k$ as a parameter)?
is there a compact notation for "integer sets of cardinality $k$" (for cartesian products there is the nice way of writing $\mathbb{N}^k$; I would like something analogous for sets instead of cartesian products)?
Being able to calculating the ordinal number of integer sets would to me be an important building block for calculating more elaborate ordinal numbers for use in graph theoretic algorithms, as indicated above.
