Conceptually, it's much easier to see what is going on if you focus not on the line bundle $L$, but on the principal $\mathrm{U}(1)$-bundle $\pi:P\rightarrow M$ to which it is associated (so that $L=P\times_{\mathrm{U}(1)}\mathbb{C}$; $P$ can be thought of as the subset $L$ of unit norm with respect to the Hermitian form). In his 1970 lectures, Kostant showed how to lift the Hamiltonian vector fields $X_f$ on $M$ to $U(1)$-invariant vectors fields $A_f$ on $P$ while preserving the commutation relations (so $[A_f,A_g] = -A_{\lbrace f,g\rbrace}$ on $P$ covers $[X_f,X_g] = -X_{\lbrace f,g\rbrace}$ on $M$). Explicitly,
$$
A_f = X_f^\mathrm{h} - \frac{i}{\hbar}(f\circ\pi)
$$
where the first term is the horizontal lift of $X_f$ (with respect to a connection $\alpha$ on $P$ of curvature $\frac{i}{\hbar}\omega$), while the second term is a vector lying along the $\mathrm{U}(1)$-direction in $P$. BTW, the classical observables $f, g$ should be real-valued, not complex-valued as you wrote. It is not too difficult to see that $A_f$ is complete iff $X_f$ is complete, and by construction the flow $\phi_t^{A_f}:P\rightarrow P$ covers $\phi_t^{X_f}:M\rightarrow M$.
Now, a section $s\in\Gamma(L)$ can be thought of as a $\mathrm{U}(1)$-equivariant function $\tilde{s}:P\rightarrow \mathbb{C}$. The flow $\phi_t^{A_f}$ induces a flow on this space of sections, given by
$$
\tilde{s}\mapsto \tilde{s}\circ\phi_{-t}^{A_f}.
$$
Differentiating this expression wrt $t$ (and multiplying by $i\hbar$ to produce a Hermitian operator) yields the corresponding quantum observable $\mathcal{O}_f$
$$
\mathcal{O}_f\tilde{s} = i\hbar\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t}\Bigg\vert_{t=0}\left(\tilde{s}\circ\phi_{-t}^{A_f}\right) = -i\hbar\, A_f\tilde{s} = \left(-i\hbar\, X_f^\mathrm{h} + f\circ\pi\right)\widetilde{s}.
$$
Thinking of sections $s\in\Gamma(L)$ instead of $\mathrm{U}(1)$-equivariant functions $\tilde{s}$, this says that
$$
\mathcal{O}_f s = (-i\hbar \nabla_{X_f} + f)s.
$$
I believe this also answers your other question - the Reeb vector field in this case is the vector field along the $\mathrm{U}(1)$ direction of $P$ (the contact form is the connection form $\alpha$).
Kostant's lecture notes are still the best place to learn all this, IMO.
Edit: of course, the whole point of requiring $[A_f,A_g] = A_{-\lbrace f,g\rbrace}$ is so that
$$
[\mathcal{O}_f,\mathcal{O}_g] = [-i\hbar\,A_f, -i\hbar\,A_g] = (i\hbar)^2 A_{-\lbrace f,g\rbrace} = i\hbar\,\mathcal{O}_{\lbrace f,g\rbrace},
$$
the usual Heisenberg ``Poisson brackets go to commutators'' relationship.