# Euler Sequence on Homogeneous Spaces

For the projective space, we have the very well known Euler sequence $$0 \to \Omega_{P^n_k} \to \mathcal{O}_{P^n_k}(-1)^{n+1} \to \mathcal{O}_{P^n_k} \to 0.$$ Are there any generalizations to other rational homogeneous spaces?

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Here is how it works for the (complex) Grassmannian. I will leave you the pleasure to extend this point of view to others homogeneous spaces (for instance complete and incomplete flag manifolds).

Firs of all, let me give a slightly different point of view for the Euler exact sequence on the projective space. Let $V$ be a complex vector space of dimension $n+1$ and $P(V)$ its corresponding projective space of lines. Call $\underline V=P(V)\times V$ the trivial rank $n+1$ vector bundle with fiber $V$ on $P(V)$. Then you have the short exact sequence $$0\to\mathcal O(-1)\to\underline V\to H\to 0,$$ where $\mathcal O(-1)$ is the tautological line bundle on $P(V)$ and $H$ is the quotient rank $n$ vector bundle $\underline V/\mathcal O(-1)$.

Now, looking at the differential $d\pi_x\colon V\to T_{P(V),[x]}$ of the projection $\pi\colon V\setminus\{0\}\to P(V)$, it is straightforward to see that it defines a canonical isomorphism $$T_{P(V)}\simeq H\otimes\mathcal O(1).$$ Tensoring the short exact sequence above by $\mathcal O(1)$ and using this canonical isomorphism you get the Euler exact sequence $$0\to \mathcal O\to\underline V\otimes\mathcal O(1)\to T_{P(V)}\to 0$$ (to get your version just notice that $\underline V\otimes\mathcal O(1)\simeq\mathcal O(1)^{\oplus(n+1)}$, then take the dual exact sequence).

Now, let $V$ be of dimension $d$ and $G_r(V)$ be the Grassmannian of $r$-codimensional vector subspaces of $V$. Consider the tautological subbundle $S\subset \underline V=G_r(V)\times V$ and the associated short exact sequence $$0\to S\to\underline V\to Q\to 0,$$ where $Q=\underline V/S$. Similarly as before, it is straightforwardly seen that there is a canonical isomorphism $$T_{G_r(V)}\simeq S^*\otimes Q\simeq\operatorname{Hom}(S,Q).$$ Tensoring by $S^*$, you get your Euler sequence for the Grassmannian, that is $$0\to S^*\otimes S\to\underline V\otimes S^*\to T_{G_r(V)}\to 0.$$ Of course, it reduces to the standard one whenever $r=d-1$, and playing with the short exact sequence you can give it your favorite shape (taking duals, tensoring with other vector bundles...).

Observe finally that $$\det S^*\simeq\det Q$$ is the (very) ample line bundle on $G_r(V)$ which gives the Plücker embedding into projective space and whose first Chern class generates $H^2(G_r(V),\mathbb Z)$.

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Can you elaborate about how we derive $T_{P(V)}\simeq H\otimes \mathcal{O}(1)$ from the differential of the projection map? Are we to understand $d\pi_x$ as the linear map on a fiber of a bundle map $H\otimes \mathcal{O}(1)\to T_{P(V)}$? –  Joe Hannon Sep 30 '13 at 3:37
The fiber of $H\otimes \mathcal{O}(1)$ is $V/[x]\otimes [x]^*.$ So let $\sigma\in [x]^*$ and $v+[x]\in V/[x].$ Define the map to be $\sigma\otimes(v+[x])\mapsto \sigma(x)\cdot d\pi_x(v).$ Then show that this is well-defined as a function on $P(V)$, i.e. $\sigma(x)\cdot d\pi_x(v) = \sigma(\lambda x)\cdot d\pi_{\lambda x}(v).$ But is there a more elegant way to say it, i.e. not in terms of an arbitrarily chosen point $x$ in $V$? –  Joe Hannon Sep 30 '13 at 4:11
Your proof is more or less the proof I knew... –  diverietti Sep 30 '13 at 9:19