Given two arbitrary polynomials $G(x)$ and $H(y)$, with integer coefficents, are there any circumstances in which it is possible to decide whether or not $G(x) = H(y)$ has solutions with $x, y \in \mathbb Z$?
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Qiaochu's comment is not correct. There is an explicit bound for the height of integral points on elliptic curves (from Baker's method) and so the problem is decidable. Other equations $y^n = G(x)$ are also decidable the same way. See e.g., Lang's book "Elliptic curves: Diophantine Analysis" where he puts some explicit bounds "under duress, at the insistence of Michel Waldschmidt" :-). I don't know if the current results cover the general case of the question. |
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