If you have given all linear extensions of $\mathcal{L}(P)$ of a poset $P$. This is the set of all linear orderings (permutations) of the vertex set of $P$ preserving the order in $P$. The order in $P$ can than be recovered as $v < w$ in P iff $v <_\sigma w$ for all permutations $\sigma \in \mathcal{L}(P)$.
Proof:
One direction is obvious: if $v < w$ in P, then, by definition, $v <_\sigma w$ for all permutations $\sigma \in \mathcal{L}(P)$.
To obtain the other direction, observe that posets are in 1-1 correspondence with directed acyclic graphs, see e.g. the last paragraph of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partially_ordered_set#Strict_and_non-strict_partial_orders.
Let us consider $P$ to be identified with its directed acyclic graph. Since adding an edge either from $v$ to $w$ or from $w$ to $v$ does not create a cycle in this graph, we have posets $P_{v < w}$ and $P_{w < v}$ with $v < w$ and $w < v$ respectively. Since
$$ \emptyset \neq \mathcal{L}(P_{v < w}), \mathcal{L}(P_{w < v}) \subseteq \mathcal{L}(P),$$
we finally found two permutations $\sigma,\tau \in \mathcal{L}(P)$ with $v < _ \sigma w$ and $w < _ \tau v$. $\qquad\square$
For references see the wiki page on linear extensions:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_extension
Or am I misunderstanding something in your question?
Best, Christian