If I have a symmetric positive definite matrix A and a diagonal matrix B, and I know the eigenvalues of both A and B (by iterative numerical computation in A's case and trivially for B), is there any way I can rapidly find the eigenvalues of the matrix M=A+B?
(I would be surprised if it helps, but I actually have the stronger condition that A is Laplacian. Unfortunately, the entries of the matrix B are large, and so B cannot be considered a small "perturbation" to A. Finally, I only really have the extremal eigenvalues of A, though I am only hoping to find the extremal eigenvalues of A+B.)