Consider the graph $(V,E)$ with vertex set $V=\{v_1,...,v_n\}$ and edge set $E\subset V\times V$. Further, assume that $\forall v_i\in V, (v_i,v_i)\in E$.
Assume that each vertex has an $\textit{initial value}$ (i.e. there is a function $\phi_0:V\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$). We will think of these values as changing with time as I describe below.
Also assume that there each edge as an associated $\textit{weight}$. By this I mean that is a function $\omega:E\rightarrow[0,1]$ such that
1.) $\forall$ $i\in\{1,...,n\}$ $\omega(v_i,v_i) > 0$
2.) $\forall i$ we have that the following holds:
$$\sum_{(v_i,v_j)\in E}\omega(v_i,v_j)=1$$.
Finally, we define a discrete time dynamical system by letting
$$\phi_k(v_i)=\sum_{(v_i,v_j)\in E}\omega(v_i,v_j)\phi_{k-1}(v_j).$$
So to sum up the situation we have a graph with elements of $\mathbb{R}$ assigned to each vertex, and we have a dynamical system that for each time interval it averages the values of a vertex with all adjacent vertices, where the average is a weighted average with weights given by $\omega$. Note that $\omega$ does not depend on $k$. We also assume that the vertex itself is a non-zero component of the average.
I am generally interested in the behavior of this type of dynamical system. Specific types of questions that I'm interested in are:
1.)What is the long term behavior of this system? Are the functions $\phi_k$ asymptotically constant? What properties must exist on $\omega$ or $\phi_0$ to either guarantee this or guarantee that it does not happen (ignoring the trivial case where $\phi_0$ is constant.)
2.) What assumptions can we put on $\omega$ and $\phi_0$ such that the $\phi_k$ approach a non-constant steady state (ie such that $\phi_k\rightarrow \phi$ pointwise where $\phi$ is non-constant.) My feeling is that this always happens since we are taking averages then the images of all $\phi_k$ should lie inside some compact subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$.
3.) Are there any way to determine the speed of either of the convergences above.
I realize that the setup is fairly general so I'm willing to add additional assumptions if needed. Any thoughts would be greatly appreciated!