Let $G \curvearrowright (X,\nu)$ be probability measure preserving action of a countable discrete group. When does there exist a probability measure preserving action $G \curvearrowright (Y,\mu)$ such that $G \curvearrowright (X,\nu)$ is isomorphic to the diagonal action $G \curvearrowright (Y \times Y, \mu \times \mu)$?
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4$\begingroup$ If the $X$ action is ergodic, then the $Y$ action must be weak-mixing and hence the $X$ action must be weak-mixing. (That is you cannot find a square root like this if the $X$ action is ergodic but not weak-mixing). $\endgroup$– Anthony QuasNov 24, 2015 at 6:16
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$\begingroup$ Thanks! For amenable groups (at least) it seems like it should be possible to take the square root of i.i.d. actions. I wonder if more can be said. $\endgroup$– VladimirNov 24, 2015 at 8:04
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2$\begingroup$ The terminology "square root" is slightly difficult because Ornstein used it to mean (for $\mathbb Z$ actions) a transformation $S$ such that $S^2=T$. For i.i.d., this seems straightforward as you say (just using entropy) $\endgroup$– Anthony QuasNov 24, 2015 at 9:10
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$\begingroup$ Thanks again Anthony. And yes - my choice of title is a little confusing. $\endgroup$– VladimirNov 24, 2015 at 15:15
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2$\begingroup$ Perhaps "Cartesian square root" would be a better terminology. $\endgroup$– Lee MosherNov 26, 2015 at 14:51
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