Please prove, give more symbolic or numeric support (counterexample!?), simplify or drop me a reference (or some vague hunch).
We have $$B_n = n!\sum_{\lambda} \frac{\lambda^{2n}}{p'_n(\lambda)}$$ where $\lambda$ ranges over the roots of the polynomial $p_n$ and $p_n'$ is the derivative of $p_n$. $B_n$ is the $n$-th Bernoulli number.
The polynomial $p_n$ is defined as follows. $$p_n(x):=x^{n+2}t_n(1/x)$$ where $$t_n(x) = \sum_{k=0}^{n+2} \frac{x^k}{k!} -1$$ is the truncated Taylor polynomial of $\exp-1$ to power $n+2$.
Then $p_n$ is the reciprocal polynomial of $t_n$ just without conjugation (though it probably makes no difference if there is conjugation or not - since $p$ is a polynomial with real coefficients and the roots come in conjugate pairs).
Examples (already tested for $n=0..18$ with a symbolic solver and for $n=0..62$ numerically):
$n=0$
$$t_0(x)=\frac{x^2}{2}+x$$
$$p_0(x)=x^2t(1/x)=x^2(\frac{1}{2x^2}+\frac{1}{x})=\frac{1}{2}+x$$
root of $p_0$ is $-1/2$.
$$p_0'(x)=1$$
$$B_0=0!\cdot \frac{(-1/2)^{2\cdot 0}}{1}=1$$
$n=1$
$$t_1(x)=\frac{x^3}{3!}+\frac{x^2}{2!}+x=\frac{x^3}{6}+\frac{x^2}{2}+x$$ $$p_1(x)=x^3t_1(1/x)=x^3(\frac{1}{6x^3}+\frac{1}{2x^2}+\frac{1}{x})=\frac{1}{6}+\frac{x}{2}+x^2$$
Roots of $p_1$ are $${\lambda}_{1,2}=-\frac{1}{4}\frac{+}{-}\frac{\sqrt {15}i}{12}$$
We have $$\lambda_{1,2}^2=-\frac{1}{24}\frac{-}{+}\frac{\sqrt{15}i}{24}$$
$$p_1'(x)=2x+\frac{1}{2}$$ so $$\frac{1}{p_1'(\lambda_{1,2})}=\frac{-}{+}\frac{2 \sqrt{15}i}{5}$$ $$\frac{\lambda_{1,2}^2}{p_{1}'(\lambda_{1,2})}=-\frac{1}{4}\frac{+}{-}\frac{\sqrt{15}i}{60}$$
$$B_1=1!(\frac{\lambda_{1}^2}{p'_{1}(\lambda_1)}+\frac{\lambda_{2}^2}{p'_{2}(\lambda_2)})=-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4}=-\frac{1}{2}$$