Is every smooth affine curve isomorphic to a smooth affine plane curve? - MathOverflow most recent 30 from http://mathoverflow.net 2013-05-19T21:00:19Z http://mathoverflow.net/feeds/question/9751 http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/rdf http://mathoverflow.net/questions/9751/is-every-smooth-affine-curve-isomorphic-to-a-smooth-affine-plane-curve Is every smooth affine curve isomorphic to a smooth affine plane curve? Maharana 2009-12-25T19:54:04Z 2010-05-04T16:45:33Z <p>As suggested by Poonen in a comment to an answer of <a href="http://mathoverflow.net/questions/9652/is-every-curve-birational-to-a-smooth-affine-plane-curve/9662#9662" rel="nofollow">his question</a> about the birationality of any curve with a smooth affine plane curve we ask the following questions: </p> <p>Q) Is it true that every smooth affine curve is isomorphic to a smooth affine plane curve?</p> <p>(a) In particular, given a smooth affine plane curve $X$ with an arbitrary Zariski open set $U$ in it, can one give a closed embedding of $U$ in the plane again? </p> <p>(b) An extremely interesting special case of (Q) above: Suppose $X$ is a singular plane algebraic curve with $X_{sm}$ the smooth locus. Can one give a closed embedding of $X_{sm}$ in the plane? </p> <p>All varieties in question are over $\mathbb{C}$. </p> <hr> <p><strong>UPDATE</strong>:<br> Bloch, Murthy and Szpiro have already proven in their paper <a href="http://www.ams.org/mathscinet/search/publdoc.html?pg1=IID&amp;s1=223540&amp;vfpref=html&amp;r=7&amp;mx-pid=1044346" rel="nofollow">"Zero cycles and the number of generators of an ideal"</a> , a much more general result (see Theorem 5.7, op.cit), that every reduced and irreducible prjective variety has an affine open set which is a hypersurface. This settles the above question birationally, in particular.<br> The authors give a very short and beautiful alternate proof of their result by M.V. Nori which I include here for its brevity and for anyone who may not have access to the paper:<br> <strong>Proof</strong>: Suppose $X$ is an integral projective variety of dimension $d$. By a generic projection, easily reduce to the case of a (possibly singular) integral hypersurface $X$ of $\mathbb{A}^{d+1}$. Suppose the coordinate ring of $X$ is $A=\mathbb{C}[x_1,\dots,x_{d+1}]$ and its defining equation is $F=\Sigma_0^m{f_i}x_{d+1}^{i}=0$ with $f_0\neq{0}$. For some element $h$ in $J\cap\mathbb{C}[x_1,\dots,x_d]$, where $J$ defines the singular locus of $X$, put $x_{d+1}'=x_{d+1}/(hf_0^2)$ in $F=0$ to observe that $1/(hf_0)\in\mathbb{C}[x_1,\dots,x_{d+1}']$ and $A_{hf_0}=\mathbb{C}[x_1,\dots,x_{d+1}']$. Clearly $\rm{Spec}\ {A_{hf_0}}$ admits a closed immersion in $\mathbb{A}^{d+1}$. </p> <hr> <p>However, the above authors also prove in their Theorem 5.8 that there exist affine varieties of any dimension, which are not hypersurfaces. This answers our question in negative. This was also known to Sathaye for curves, see <a href="http://www.ams.org/mathscinet/search/publdoc.html?pg1=IID&amp;s1=154880&amp;vfpref=html&amp;r=19&amp;mx-pid=466148" rel="nofollow">On planar curves</a>. He gives a nice example of a double cover of a punctured elliptic curve, ramified at 9 points and also at the point at infinity. This curve cannot be embedded in $\mathbb{A}^2$. Sathaye uses the value semigroup at the only point at infinity to prove this. His example has trivial canonical divisor. So it answers Poonen's question in the comments below, negatively.<br> In short, $K=0$ for an affine curve is necessary but not sufficient for the curve to be planar, however one should note that $K=0$ is necessary and sufficient for an affine curve to be a complete intersection. </p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/9751/is-every-smooth-affine-curve-isomorphic-to-a-smooth-affine-plane-curve/9752#9752 Answer by Hailong Dao for Is every smooth affine curve isomorphic to a smooth affine plane curve? Hailong Dao 2009-12-25T20:32:25Z 2009-12-25T20:32:25Z <p>You can try this:</p> <p><a href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.52.6348" rel="nofollow">http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.52.6348</a></p>