Minimal relative Schubert modules

2012-03-21T03:21:56Z

I am trying to better understand the definition of certain objects called minimal relative Schubert modules. My primary reference is Chapters 1 and 2 of Wilberd van der Kallen's Lectures on Frobenius splittings and B-modules.

Here is the setup: $G$ is a reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field $k$, $B$ is a Borel subgroup of $G$, $T$ is a maximal torus of $B$, $X(T)$ is the character group of $T$, and $W = N_G(T)/C_G(T)$ is the associated Weyl group. In van der Kallen's notes, the Borel subgroup is assumed to correspond to the set of positive roots of $T$ in $G$.

Given an element $w \in W$, one has the Bruhat cell $(BwB)/B \subset G/B$, and its closure in $G/B$ is the Schubert variety $X_w$. We also have the boundary $\partial X_w$.

Given a $B$-module $M$, one has an associated $G$-vector bundle $\mathcal{L}(M)$ over $G/B$. We can restrict the vector bundle to the Schubert varietiy $X_w$, and then consider the space $H^0(X_w,\mathcal{L}(M))$ of global sections. van der Kallen denotes this space by $H_w(M)$, and calls it a dual Joseph module.

It follows from Remark 2.2.3 and Corollary 2.2.7 in van der Kallen's notes that the functor $H_w(-)$ can be realized as a composition of induction (and restriction) functors $\text{ind}_B^{P_s}(-)$, where $P_s$ is a minimal parabolic subgroup of $G$. Specifically, if $w = s_{\alpha_1} s_{\alpha_2} \ldots s_{\alpha_t}$ is a reduced expression for $w$, then

$H_w(-) = \text{ind}_B^{P_1} \circ \text{ind}_B^{P_2} \circ \cdots \circ \text{ind}_B^{P_t}(-)$,

where $P_i = P_{\alpha_i}$ is the minimal parabolic corresponding to the simple root $\alpha_i$.

Now to the definitions I am grappling with: Let $\mu \in X(T)$, and let $w \in W$ such that $-w\mu \in X(T)_+$ (i.e., $w\mu$ is an antidominant weight). Then the dual Joseph module $P(\mu)$ is defined by $P(\mu) = H_{w^{-1}}(w\mu) = H^0(X_{w^{-1}},\mathcal{L}(w\mu))$ . Assume now that $w$ was chosen to be of minimal length with the property that $-w\mu \in X(T)_+$ . Then the minimal relative Schubert module $Q(\mu)$ is defined by

$Q(\mu) = \text{ker}(\text{res}: H^0(X_{w^{-1}},\mathcal{L}(w\mu)) \rightarrow H^0(\partial X_{w^{-1}},\mathcal{L}(w\mu)))$.

So $Q(\mu) \subset P(\mu)$.

Is there a way to understand $Q(\mu)$ in terms of the homological properties of the induction functors $\text{ind}_B^{P_i}(-)$ and their evaluation maps $\varepsilon:\text{ind}_B^{P_i}(M) \rightarrow M$ ?

I am not familiar or comfortable at this point with the geometric notions involved in the above definitions, but am much more comfortable with the homological properties of the induction functors, since these can be defined much more algebraically (say, as given in Chapter I.3 of Jantzen's Representations of Algebraic Groups).

Answer by Chuck Hague for Minimal relative Schubert modules

2012-03-21T17:52:57Z

This is not really an answer to your question -- more of a long comment, I suppose -- but there is a somewhat intuitive way to understand what these modules look like, representation-theoretically speaking. It's easier to describe what the duals to these modules look like, so let me do that. First, for any weight $\mu$, let $\mu^+$ denote the unique dominant element in the Weyl group orbit of $-\mu$ and let $V(\mu^+)$ denote the Weyl module for $G$ of highest weight $\mu^+$ (i.e., $V(\mu^+) = H^0(-w_0\mu^+)^*$). Then the Joseph module $P(\mu)^*$ is just the $B$-submodule of $V(\mu^+)$ generated by any nonzero weight vector of weight $-\mu$. (Dually, this now describes the surjection $H^0(-w_0\mu^+) \twoheadrightarrow P(\mu)$).

Now set $$\lbrace \mu_1, \ldots, \mu_r \rbrace := \lbrace s \mu : s \in W \textrm{ is a simple reflection and } s \mu < \mu \rbrace .$$ Let $I(\mu)$ be the $B$-submodule of $V(\mu^+)$ generated by $P(\mu_i)^*$, $1 \leq i \leq r$. Equivalently, $I(\mu)$ is the $B$-submodule of $V(\mu^+)$ generated by nonzero weight vectors of weights $-\mu_1, \ldots, -\mu_r$. Then $Q(\mu)^*$ fits into an exact sequence $$ 0 \to I(\mu) \to P(\mu)^* \to Q(\mu)^* \to 0 . $$ Remark that we can also describe $I(\mu)$ as the submodule of $V(\mu^+)$ generated by all Joseph modules properly contained in $P(\mu)^*$ .

As for the evaluation map $\varepsilon$, it can be described as follows. Let $V \subseteq V(\mu^+)$ denote the highest weight subspace of weight $\mu^+$ . Then $\varepsilon : P(\mu) \twoheadrightarrow k_{-\mu^+}$ is dual to the inclusion $V \hookrightarrow P(\mu)^*$ of the highest weight subspace. (Remark also that $V = P(-\mu^+)^*$ ).

Minimal relative Schubert modules - MathOverflow

Minimal relative Schubert modules

Answer by Chuck Hague for Minimal relative Schubert modules