semiring with zero- and nonzero test - MathOverflow most recent 30 from http://mathoverflow.net 2013-06-20T01:13:44Z http://mathoverflow.net/feeds/question/71611 http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/rdf http://mathoverflow.net/questions/71611/semiring-with-zero-and-nonzero-test semiring with zero- and nonzero test Sirolf 2011-07-29T20:08:49Z 2011-07-29T21:12:45Z <p>Let $\mathcal{S}=(S,\oplus,\otimes,0,1)$ be a commutative semiring and define functions $\nu:S\to \lbrace 0,1\rbrace$ and $\bar\nu:S\to \lbrace 0,1\rbrace$ as: $$\text{\nu(s)=0 if s=0; and \nu(s)=1 otherwise}$$ and $$\text{\bar\nu(s)=1 if s=0; and \bar\nu(s)=0 otherwise}.$$ Consider $\mathcal{S}$ extended with $\nu$ and $\bar\nu$, that is, $(S,\oplus,\otimes,\nu,\bar\nu,0,1)$. </p> <p>I have the following questions:</p> <ol> <li><p>Are such extended semirings known and studied?</p></li> <li><p>Can these algebraic structures be described by identities?</p></li> </ol> <p>Any comments are welcome!</p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/71611/semiring-with-zero-and-nonzero-test/71615#71615 Answer by Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine for semiring with zero- and nonzero test Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine 2011-07-29T20:26:14Z 2011-07-29T20:26:14Z <p>I don’t know about your first question; but for the second one, the answer is no — these structures can’t be axiomatised by algebraic identities.</p> <p>If they could be, then any product of such structures, with the natural induced operations, would again be one. But this is not the case: if $S$, $T$ are any such structures with $0 \neq 1$ in each of them, then the resulting operation $\nu_{S \times T}$ on their product will satisfy $\nu_{S \times T}(0_S,1_T) = (0_S,1_T)$, which is equal to neither $0_{S \times T}$ or $1_{S \times T}$. So $\nu_{S \times T}$ does not satisfy the desired defining property.</p> <p>The big picture here is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkhoff%27s_HSP_theorem" rel="nofollow">Birkhoff’s HSP theorem</a>: a class of algebraic structures, over a fixed language, can be axiomatised by algebraic identities if and only if it is closed under arbitrary products and subobjects (in categorical language: under all limits), and under direct images along homorphisms.</p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/71611/semiring-with-zero-and-nonzero-test/71619#71619 Answer by Gerhard Paseman for semiring with zero- and nonzero test Gerhard Paseman 2011-07-29T21:12:45Z 2011-07-29T21:12:45Z <p>Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine has answered your second question. I would add that though your exact class of structures is not described by an equational theory, some related classes are, and others by Horn sentences, which are of the form conjunction of identities implies an identity. You might be interested in quasivarieties which are defined by Horn sentences and which contain your semiring.</p> <p>A discriminator term in an algebra is a term which satisfies a similar kind of behaviour: tKx,y,z,w) returns z if x=y ans returns w other wise. Varieties which have algebras with such a term are called discriminator varieties. I believe your semiring generates a discriminator variety, and that the literature you seek may be one or at most two citation links away from the literature on discriminator varieties.</p> <p>Gerhard "Ask Me About System Design" Paseman, 2011.07.29 </p>