Effective Chebotarev Density - MathOverflow most recent 30 from http://mathoverflow.net 2013-05-21T07:50:10Z http://mathoverflow.net/feeds/question/52211 http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/rdf http://mathoverflow.net/questions/52211/effective-chebotarev-density Effective Chebotarev Density Eric Larson 2011-01-16T05:28:19Z 2012-02-07T04:12:23Z <p>Let $K$ be a number field, and $p$ be a rational prime. Then the Chebotarev Density Theorem implies we can find primes $v$ and $w$ of $K$ of degree 1 which are split and nonsplit respectively in $K[\sqrt{p}]$. What is the best known effective (upper) bound for the norms of the least such primes (not assuming GRH)? In particular, is there a bound which is asymptotically strictly less than $\sqrt{p}$ (times a constant coming from the field $K$)?</p> <p>EDIT: I'd like to clarify, in response to the comments below. The situation I'm wondering about is when we fix K, and let p vary. So when K is a cyclotomic field (adjoin, say, the qth root of unity for a prime q), I'm asking about the least prime which is a quadratic nonresidue (resp. residue) mod p, which is 1 mod some fixed prime q, and I'm hoping that there is a bound of the form $\sqrt{p}$ times (something in terms of q). Under GRH this is true --- in fact under GRH, we can get a bound of the shape $(\log p)^2$ times constants coming from K.</p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/52211/effective-chebotarev-density/52236#52236 Answer by Felipe Voloch for Effective Chebotarev Density Felipe Voloch 2011-01-16T13:47:09Z 2011-01-17T15:26:46Z <p>The paper:</p> <p>J. C. Lagarias, H. L. Montgomery and A. M. Odlyzko, A bound for the least prime ideal in the Chebotarev density theorem, Invent. Math. 54 (1979) 271-296 </p> <p>gives a bound of the form $c \sqrt p$ for some unspecified $c$. </p> <p>My paper with J. Vaaler:</p> <p>The least nonsplit prime in Galois extensions of Q, J. Number Theory, 85 (2000), 320-335.</p> <p>gives an effective constant (when $K=\mathbb Q$, but the argument should generalize). Actually, the quadratic field case of our argument is already in Gauss. Our paper has a bunch of other references, including what you can get with GRH. Improving the square root bound without GRH is a big open problem.</p> <p>The paper also gives me Erdos number 2 :-) </p> <p>EDIT: As in GH's answer, the natural quantity for the bounds is the discriminant, so $p$ needs to be replaced by $p^n, n=[K:\mathbb Q]$, in the case of $K(\sqrt p)$. Here is an example where this will make a big difference. Take $K$ to be the cyclotomic field of $p$-th roots of unity where $p \equiv 3 \mod 4$, so the quadratic extension is non trivial. The OP asks for degree one primes, these are primes above rational primes $l \equiv 1 \mod p$, so they have norm $l > p$ and you can't expect a $\sqrt p$ bound.</p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/52211/effective-chebotarev-density/52237#52237 Answer by GH for Effective Chebotarev Density GH 2011-01-16T13:59:04Z 2011-01-17T05:51:04Z <p>I assume $\sqrt{p}$ is not contained in $K$, then the bound you are looking for is available. </p> <p>Let $\chi$ be the ray class character attached to the quadratic extension $K(\sqrt{p})/K$, then the $L$-function $L(s,\chi)$ has conductor essentially $p$. By a recent result of Venkatesh (Theorem 6.1 in Annals of Math. 172 (2010), 989-1094) we have the subconvex bound $L(s,\chi)\ll |s|^N p^{1/4-1/200}$ on the criticial line $\Re s=1/2$, where $N>0$ is a constant. It follows, by a simple Mellin transformation technique, that for any fixed smooth function $V:(0,\infty)\to\mathbb{C}$ of compact support we have</p> <p>$$\sum_{\mathfrak{m}\subset\mathcal{O}_K}\chi(\mathfrak{m})V(N\mathfrak{m}/X)\ll p^{1/4-1/200} X^{1/2}.$$</p> <p>Therefore the absolute value of the left hand side is smaller than $X$ for some $X\gg p^{1/2-1/100}$, where the implied constant depends only on $K$ and $V$. This implies that $\chi$ takes both values $\pm 1$ on prime ideals with norm $\ll p^{1/2-1/100}$.</p> <p>Perhaps one can complement this with Vinogradov's trick, see Corollary 9.19 in Montgomery-Vaughan: Multiplicative number theory I.</p> <p>EDIT: As the OP pointed out, all the $p$'s above should be replaced by $p^{(K:\mathbb{Q})}$.</p>