Infinite groups which contain all finite groups as subgroups - MathOverflow most recent 30 from http://mathoverflow.net 2013-05-20T07:56:50Z http://mathoverflow.net/feeds/question/28945 http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/rdf http://mathoverflow.net/questions/28945/infinite-groups-which-contain-all-finite-groups-as-subgroups Infinite groups which contain all finite groups as subgroups Hans Stricker 2010-06-21T12:44:23Z 2012-01-07T18:47:01Z <p>There are infinite graphs which contain all finite graphs as induced subgraphs, e.g. the Rado graph or the coprimeness graph on the naturals.</p> <blockquote> <p>Are there infinite groups which contain all finite groups as subgroups?</p> </blockquote> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/28945/infinite-groups-which-contain-all-finite-groups-as-subgroups/28946#28946 Answer by Bruce Westbury for Infinite groups which contain all finite groups as subgroups Bruce Westbury 2010-06-21T12:51:51Z 2010-06-21T12:51:51Z <p>Yes, plenty. The group only has to contain all finite permutation groups. Perhaps the most straightforward example would be the permutations of a countable set. That is bijections which fix all but a finite set.</p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/28945/infinite-groups-which-contain-all-finite-groups-as-subgroups/28952#28952 Answer by Abhishek Parab for Infinite groups which contain all finite groups as subgroups Abhishek Parab 2010-06-21T13:47:36Z 2010-06-21T13:47:36Z <p>If you want your group to be countable, you may consider the direct sum of all S_n's. </p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/28945/infinite-groups-which-contain-all-finite-groups-as-subgroups/28953#28953 Answer by Yiftach Barnea for Infinite groups which contain all finite groups as subgroups Yiftach Barnea 2010-06-21T13:48:32Z 2010-06-21T14:21:25Z <p>There many examples for instance the direct product of all finite groups. A more interesting example of a finitely generated (topologically) profinite groups is $\Pi_{n \geq 5} A_n$. Of course you can also construct many examples using direct limits of finite groups.</p> <p>Another interesting example is the Nottingham group which is for $p>3$ a finitely presented pro-$p$ group (proved by Mikhail Ershov) which contains every countably based pro-$p$ group (proved by Rachel Camina and aslo by Ivan Fesenko) and in particuar every finite $p$-group. Of course it does not contain every finite group, but still in the spirit of your question. The Nottingham group has many other remarkable properties and is a worth knowing example of a pro-$p$ group. </p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/28945/infinite-groups-which-contain-all-finite-groups-as-subgroups/28995#28995 Answer by Ben Wieland for Infinite groups which contain all finite groups as subgroups Ben Wieland 2010-06-21T20:52:40Z 2010-06-21T20:52:40Z <p>Here's a finitely generated group that contains all finite groups: permutations of the integers that are almost shifts; that is, each permutation differs form the shift-by-$n$ permutation by a permutation with finite support. This maps to the integers with kernel Bruce's group. Is it finitely presented?</p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/28945/infinite-groups-which-contain-all-finite-groups-as-subgroups/29025#29025 Answer by Igor Belegradek for Infinite groups which contain all finite groups as subgroups Igor Belegradek 2010-06-22T01:51:07Z 2010-06-22T01:51:07Z <p>There is a finitely presented group which contains all finitely presented groups, as <a href="http://www.jstor.org/pss/2414348" rel="nofollow"> proved</a> by Higman.</p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/28945/infinite-groups-which-contain-all-finite-groups-as-subgroups/32840#32840 Answer by Bruce Westbury for Infinite groups which contain all finite groups as subgroups Bruce Westbury 2010-07-21T20:18:23Z 2010-07-21T20:18:23Z <p>Another interesting example is Hall's universal group<br> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall%27s_universal_group" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall%27s_universal_group</a> </p> <p>Hall's universal group is a countable locally finite group, say U, which is uniquely characterized by the following properties.</p> <pre><code>* Every finite group G admits a monomorphism to U. * All such monomorphisms are conjugate by inner automorphisms of U. </code></pre> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/28945/infinite-groups-which-contain-all-finite-groups-as-subgroups/49653#49653 Answer by Nicky Hekster for Infinite groups which contain all finite groups as subgroups Nicky Hekster 2010-12-16T15:31:05Z 2010-12-16T15:31:05Z <p>In the same spirit, there do exist infinite groups, all of whose proper subgroups are finite: the Tarski Monster. Are there any other "easier" examples? </p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/28945/infinite-groups-which-contain-all-finite-groups-as-subgroups/85072#85072 Answer by Matt Brin for Infinite groups which contain all finite groups as subgroups Matt Brin 2012-01-06T17:37:29Z 2012-01-07T18:47:01Z <p>My favorite is Thompson's group $V$. </p> <p>My favorite picture of $V$ is to take a set $X$ which is a disjoint union of subsets $L$ and $R$ having fixed bijections $l:X\rightarrow L$ and $r:X\rightarrow R$. Finite words in $l$ and $r$ map $X$ to "fragments" of $X$. Two "fragments" $W$ and $U$ that are the images, respectively, of words $w$ and $u$ in $l$ and $r$ are connected by the bijection $uw^{-1}:W\rightarrow U$. The two "fragments" will be disjoint iff neither of $w$ nor $u$ is a prefix of the other. If this condition holds, let $(w,u)$ represent the permutation on $X$ that is $uw^{-1}$ on $W$, is $wu^{-1}$ on $U$, and is the identity elsewhere. The group $V$ is generated by all such $(w,u)$. It is finitely presented and contains all finite groups.</p> <p>Other f.p. groups containing all finite groups are known as Houghton groups. See the section on Houghton groups K. S. Brown "Finiteness properties of groups" in Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra, 44 (1987), 45-75. I forget how they are indexed, but from about n=3 on up, they are all f.p.</p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/28945/infinite-groups-which-contain-all-finite-groups-as-subgroups/85073#85073 Answer by Jon Bannon for Infinite groups which contain all finite groups as subgroups Jon Bannon 2012-01-06T17:58:06Z 2012-01-06T18:04:44Z <p>I can't resist mentioning that the group of unitary elements in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperfinite_type_II_factor" rel="nofollow">hyperfinite $II_{1}$ factor </a>(The group von Neumann algebra of Bruce Westbury's "locally finite" permutation group above) in fact contains every countable discrete <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenable_group" rel="nofollow">amenable group </a>as a subgroup.</p>