Examples of manifolds with effective circle actions? - MathOverflow most recent 30 from http://mathoverflow.net 2013-05-20T04:59:24Z http://mathoverflow.net/feeds/question/106360 http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/rdf http://mathoverflow.net/questions/106360/examples-of-manifolds-with-effective-circle-actions Examples of manifolds with effective circle actions? Mustafa 2012-09-04T16:00:33Z 2012-09-05T19:29:36Z <p>I would like to know examples of smooth compact connected manifolds, on which there exists an effective smooth circle action preserving a positive smooth volume, besides the simple example: $[0,1]^d \times \mathbb{S}^1$. Is there a classification of these manifolds?</p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/106360/examples-of-manifolds-with-effective-circle-actions/106362#106362 Answer by Will Sawin for Examples of manifolds with effective circle actions? Will Sawin 2012-09-04T16:17:11Z 2012-09-04T16:17:11Z <p>Assuming you mean: An action of the group $\mathbb R/\mathbb Z$ without stabilizer:</p> <p>If you look at the quotient of the manifold $M$ by the action, you get a manifold $N$ with a circle bundle $M$. Circle bundles are classified by their Chern class, which is an element of $H^2(N,\mathbb Z)$ coming from the exact sequence $H^1(\mathbb Z) \to H^1(\mathbb R) \to H^1(\mathbb R/\mathbb Z) \to H^2(\mathbb Z)$.</p> <p>To find a volume preserved by the circle action, take any volume and average it with its pullbacks along the circle action.</p> <p>So the classification is any smooth compact connected manifold $N$ plus an element of $H^2(N,\mathbb Z)$.</p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/106360/examples-of-manifolds-with-effective-circle-actions/106376#106376 Answer by Renato G Bettiol for Examples of manifolds with effective circle actions? Renato G Bettiol 2012-09-04T19:13:02Z 2012-09-04T19:31:35Z <p>As already pointed out, whenever you have a compact group $G$ acting on a manifold $M$, this action can be made isometric by constructing a metric on $M$ via a standard averaging process. In particular, if you have a (effective) circle action on $M$, you can find a metric $g$ on $M$ such that this action is isometric. In other words, the isometry group of $(M,g)$ contains a circle. This should provide you with plenty of examples: intuitively, a manifold that carries a circle action is one that has (at least) a "circle" worth of symmetries.</p> <p>For example, take $M$ to be any rotationally symmetric surface in $\mathbb R^3$, e.g., a round sphere $S^2$ or a torus $S^1\times S^1$. Then $M$, by definition, has an isometric (effective) circle action. Moreover, these are the only (orientable) manifolds of dimension $2$ with an effective circle action. This follows from the fact that if we have a torus action on $M$, then the Euler characteristic of $M$ is $\chi(M)=\chi(M^T)$, where $M^T$ is the fixed point set of the torus. Since $M^T$ is a totally geodesic submanifold of $M$, it can be a circle or a finite collection of points. Thus, $\chi(M)\geq 0$, which means $M$ is homeomorphic to $S^2$, $\mathbb RP^2$, $S^1\times S^1$ or the Klein bottle $K^2$, according to orientability and $\chi(M)=2,1,0$, respectively. This is the classification you ask for in dimension equal to $2$.</p> <p>Classifying compact connected manifolds of any dimension with a circle action and nothing else seems rather too general. More interesting problems are, for example, classifying manifolds with an isometric circle action that also have, e.g., some curvature condition. For example, if $\dim M=4$ and $M$ has a metric of positive curvature that has an isometric circle action, then <a href="http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS?service=UI&amp;version=1.0&amp;verb=Display&amp;handle=euclid.jdg/1214443064" rel="nofollow">Hsiang-Kleiner</a> proved that $M$ must be homeomorphic to $S^4$ or $\mathbb C P^2$.</p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/106360/examples-of-manifolds-with-effective-circle-actions/106378#106378 Answer by Anton Petrunin for Examples of manifolds with effective circle actions? Anton Petrunin 2012-09-04T19:48:12Z 2012-09-04T19:53:25Z <p>In the answer of Will, one can exchange manifold $N$ to an orbifold with singularities modeled on $\mathbb R^{n-1}/\mathbb Z_k$ and $\mathbb R^{n}/\mathbb S^1$. Then his answer works for effective action. You can get a lot of examples this way, but I do not think you can call it a "classification".</p> <p>On the other hand assume you have a manifold $M$ and want to know if it admits an effective $\mathbb S^1$-action. In this case Will's answer is useless and as far as I know no good answer is known.</p> <p>If there is an action on $M$ then</p> <ul> <li>There are some restrictions on $\pi_1(M)$; for example compact hyperbolic manifolds do not admit smooth $\mathbb S^1$-actions;</li> <li>If $M$ is simply connected and spin then $\hat A(M)$ has to vanish.</li> </ul> <p>I do not know any other restriction.</p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/106360/examples-of-manifolds-with-effective-circle-actions/106384#106384 Answer by Liviu Nicolaescu for Examples of manifolds with effective circle actions? Liviu Nicolaescu 2012-09-04T21:06:56Z 2012-09-04T21:06:56Z <p>The $3$-manifolds with effective $S^1$-actions are called <em>Seifert manifolds</em> and are completely classified. Essentially, all of them can be obtained from a circle bundle over a surface by removing tubular neighborhoods of several fibers and gluing them back in a clever way. For details you can check P. Orlik's book <a href="http://books.google.com/books/about/Seifert_manifolds.html?id=fwgvAAAAIAAJ" rel="nofollow"><em>Seifert manifolds</em></a>, Lecture Notes in Math. Springer Verlag, 1972.</p> <p>The classification in higher dimensions is more complicated and I don't know if it is complete. For certain $S^1$ actions (called hamiltonian) on $4$-manifolds there is a wealth of results; see e.g. Y. Karshon's paper <em>Periodic Hamiltonian ﬂows on four dimensional manifolds, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 672 (1999)</em> (see short version <a href="http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/~karshony/papers/Newton.pdf" rel="nofollow">here</a>.)</p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/106360/examples-of-manifolds-with-effective-circle-actions/106440#106440 Answer by Eugene Lerman for Examples of manifolds with effective circle actions? Eugene Lerman 2012-09-05T14:44:37Z 2012-09-05T19:29:36Z <p>This is more of a comment than an answer. Any simplectic manifold with an effective circle action preserving the form is an example. So any smooth projective toric variety is an example of a manifold with an effective circle action preserving a volume form.</p> <p>Edit: I forgot to say what the volume is: it's the top power of the symplectic form.</p>