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While having lunch today with my advisor I tried to come up with a proof of the following fact:

EGA 0-IV (17.3.3): Let $\phi : (A,\mathfrak{m}) \to (B,\mathfrak{n})$ be a flat local homomorphism of local Noetherian rings (necessarily faithfully flat). Then $B$ regular implies $A$ is regular.

Let me say I am aware of the usual proof of the fact above using Serre's characterization of regular local rings as those with finite global dimension. However my own idea to prove this is much simpler; I want to induct on the dimension of $B$ and use the following facts:

  1. Flatness is stable under base change.
  2. Flat morphisms send non-zero divisors to non-zero divisors.
  3. Let $(B,\mathfrak{n})$ be a Noetherian local ring and $x$ an element of $ \mathfrak{n}\setminus \mathfrak{n}^2$. Then $B$ is regular iff $B/(x)$ is regular and $x$ is a non-zero divisor.

With this the proof should supposedly be easy. When $\dim B = 0$; $A$ has to be a domain otherwise a zero divisor $x \in A$ would be sent to a zero divisor in $B$ ($\phi$ being faithfully flat is necessarily injective) contradicting the fact that $B$ is a field. The dimension of $B$ being zero implies $A$ is zero dimensional (fiber dimension formula for flat morphisms) and thus is a field.

Now suppose $\dim B > 0$. We choose an $x \in \mathfrak{m}\setminus \mathfrak{m}^2$ that is a non-zero divisor so that $\phi(x) \notin \mathfrak{n}^2$. Then $A/(x) \to B/\phi(x)$ is flat with $B/\phi(x)$ regular and by induction we find $A/(x)$ is regular. Hence $A$ is regular by (3) above.

The only place I can see where the proof could fail is the statement in bold. This leads me to the following questions.

  1. Is there a Noetherian local ring of positive depth with every element in $\mathfrak{m}\setminus \mathfrak{m}^2$ a zero divisor?

  2. Is there an example of a $\phi : (A,\mathfrak{m}) \to (B,\mathfrak{n})$ with conditions as above such that $x \in \mathfrak{m}\setminus \mathfrak{m}^2$ but $\phi(x) \in \mathfrak{n}^2$?

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(1) No. Use prime avoidance: if the maximal ideal is not associated, it is not contained in the union of the associated primes together with $\mathfrak{m}^2$.

(2) Yes, consider $k[[x^2]] \subset k[[x]]$.

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  • $\begingroup$ Dear Graham, thanks for your answer. Thus it seems like my proof above fails. Do you know of a proof of the fact above that avoids homological methods (such as Serre's characterization of regular local rings as those local rings with finite global definition)? Thanks. $\endgroup$ Jun 6, 2014 at 14:49
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    $\begingroup$ No, I don't, and I don't think I would expect one. Such an argument would, it seems to me, be close in spirit to proving that regularity localizes, a notoriously intractable problem before the advent of homological methods. If any similar argument existed, I would expect to find it in Zariski-Samuel, but of course they don't mention flatness at all. $\endgroup$ Jun 6, 2014 at 15:37

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