According to Maple 16, both $f_+(x)$ and $f_-(x)$ can be expressed in terms of BesselK:
$$\eqalign{f_+(x) &= \sqrt {\pi }\;{{\rm e}^{x/2}}\;{K_0 \left(x/2\right)}\cr
f_-(x) &= \frac{\sqrt {\pi }}{2}{{\rm e}^{x/2}}\left( \left( 1+x \right) { K_0\left(x/2\right)}-x\;
{ K_1\left(x/2\right)} \right)
\cr}$$
We then have the series (not a Taylor series, because of the logarithmic terms)
$$\frac{f_-(x)}{f_+(x)} = {\frac {\ln(x) - 2\;\ln \left( 2 \right) +\gamma+
2}{2 \; \ln(x) - 4\;\ln \left( 2 \right) +2\; \gamma}}+{\frac {x
}{2}}+O \left( {x}^{2} \right)
$$
Maple can, of course, provide as many terms as desired, but they look complicated.
The coefficient of $x^n$ for odd integers $n > 1$ appears to be $0$, while for even integers $n$ it appears to be of the form $C_n(\ln(x))/(\ln(x) - 2 \ln(2) + \gamma)^{1+n/2}$ where
$C_n$ is a polynomial of degree $1+n/2$. Thus if $v = \ln(x)-2 \ln(2) + \gamma$, the
series can be written as
$$\eqalign{
&{\frac {v+2}{2v}}+{\frac {x}{2}}+{\frac {2{v}^{2}-2v+1
}{16{v}^{2}}}{x}^{2}-{\frac {8{v}^{3}-20{v}^{2}+
21v-8}{2048{v}^{3}}}{x}^{4}\cr &+{\frac {72{v}^{4}-276
{v}^{3}+451{v}^{2}-351v+108}{442368{v}^{4}}}{x}^{6}\cr&-{\frac {3168{v}^{5}-16248{v}^{4}+36383\,{v}^{3}-43148
\,{v}^{2}+26784v-6912}{452984832{v}^{5}}}{x}^{8}\cr&+{
\frac {136800{v}^{6}-877560{v}^{5}+2507131{v}^{4}-4011375{v}^{
3}+3758250{v}^{2}-1944000v+432000}{452984832000{v}^{6}}}{x}^{10}\cr &+O \left( {x}^
{12} \right) \cr}
$$